Which U.S. president was involved in the contested election known as the Hayes-Tilden election?

The correct answer is Rutherford B. Hayes, who was the Republican candidate in the 1876 presidential election against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden. This election is particularly notable for its contentious nature and the controversy surrounding the results. Tilden won the popular vote and initially appeared to have secured the necessary electoral votes; however, disputes arose in several Southern states where both parties claimed victory, leading to a significant electoral impasse.

To resolve the election, Congress established a special Electoral Commission that ultimately awarded the presidency to Hayes after a highly contentious compromise. This compromise involved the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction and allowing Southern Democrats to regain control. This election is often cited as one of the most disputed elections in American history and highlights the era's intense political strife and the effects of Reconstruction policies.

Understanding the Hayes-Tilden election provides crucial insight into the political dynamics of the post-Civil War era, including the compromises made that shaped the future of U.S. politics and race relations.