Which plan offered full pardons to Southerners who pledged allegiance to the Union and acknowledged emancipation?

The Proclamation of Amnesty, issued by President Abraham Lincoln in December 1863, outlined a plan to facilitate the reintegration of Southern states into the Union following the Civil War. Under this plan, full pardons were granted to Southerners who took an oath of allegiance to the Union and recognized the end of slavery through emancipation. This approach aimed to encourage reconciliation and restore the Southern states as quickly as possible.

The significance of the Proclamation of Amnesty lay in its leniency, reflecting Lincoln's desire for a faster peace and healing process after the tumultuous conflict. The two key conditions—pledging loyalty to the Union and acknowledging emancipation—were meant to diminish future hostilities and facilitate a smoother transition back to a unified nation.

In contrast, the Wade-Davis Bill advocated for stricter terms for Southern states, requiring a majority of white male citizens in those states to take an “ironclad oath” swearing they had never supported the Confederacy before they could reestablish their governments. This approach was much harsher and was ultimately pocket-vetoed by Lincoln.

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan, which followed Lincoln's assassination, also provided for pardons but included additional requirements that were much more complex than Lincoln's original terms.