Which agency was established to aid former slaves in adjusting to freedom after the Civil War?

The Freedmen's Bureau was established in March 1865 by Congress to assist formerly enslaved individuals in transitioning to freedom following the Civil War. This agency provided a variety of services aimed at helping former slaves integrate into society. It offered food, housing, education, medical care, and legal assistance, helping to negotiate labor contracts and resolve disputes. The Bureau played a crucial role in the Reconstruction era by facilitating the livelihood and the rights of freedmen, therefore directly addressing the immediate needs of a population that had been enslaved for generations. Its impact was significant, as it laid the groundwork for future civil rights developments and influenced social relations in the post-war South.

The other options do not accurately reflect historic agencies or programs designed specifically for the transition of former enslaved individuals. It's essential to recognize the unique mission and accomplishments of the Freedmen's Bureau, which sought not only to aid in immediate survival but also to empower freedmen through education and labor rights.