The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo resulted in which of the following?

The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, signed in 1848, concluded the Mexican-American War and had significant implications for both the United States and Mexico. One of the primary outcomes of the treaty was a substantial loss of land for Mexico, amounting to about half of its territory. This included present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico, fundamentally altering the map of North America.

The treaty was crucial in fulfilling the United States' manifest destiny, the belief that the nation was destined to expand across the continent. In contrast, the other choices do not accurately reflect the historical consequences of the treaty. For example, the incorporation of Canada, the end of slavery, and a military alliance with Great Britain are not related to the outcomes of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Therefore, the correct answer highlighting the significant loss of land for Mexico encapsulates the most important aspect of this treaty.